Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software

• Let users perform advanced computing tasks
• Robots provide security & assistance in homes

SPECIALIZED APPLICATIONS

1. Graphics Programs  
2. Audio & Video Software
3. Multimedia Software
4. Web Authoring Programs
5. Artificial Intelligence : Virtual Reality, Knowledge-based Systems, Robotics

 Graphics

• Desktop Publishing - allow to create publications, mix text & graphic of professional quality 

• Image editor - creating & editing bitmap images: Paint.NET, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Paint Shop Pro

                                                                    

• Illustration Programs - create & edit vector images : Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, CorelDRAW

Multimedia Authoring Programs

• Special programs used to create multimedia presentations, bring all together the video, audio, graphics, & text elements : Adobe Director, Toolbook 

Web Authoring Programs

• Adobe Dreamweaver, NetObjects Fusion, Microsoft Expression

Artificial Intelligence

• Virtual Reality : generated in 3-D, commonly known as VR, artificial reality or virtual environments

• Knowledge-Based Systems : use a database for assistant, fuzzy logic - allow user to respond to questions in a very humanlike way

• Robotics : computer-controlled machines

Perception System Robots

Industrial Robots

Household Robots

Mobile Robots

Chapter 9 : Communication and Network

Categories of Communication Channel:
a)Physical Connection
b)Wireless Connection

PHYSICAL CONNECTION
-Ethernet Cable (Twisted pair cable)

-Coaxial Cable

 

 -Fiber optic cable

WIRELESS CONNECTION

-Radio Frequency (RF) :
       a)WIFI
       b)Bluetooth
       c)WiMax

Radio Frequency

WIFI connection

Bluetooth

WiMax

-Microwave

Microwave Radio

-Satellite

-Infrared

CHAPTER 7 : INPUT AND OUTPUT

WHAT IS INPUT?
INPUT IS ANY DATA OR INSTRUCTIONS THAT ARE USED BY A COMPUTER.

INPUT DEVICES ARE HARDWARE USED TO TRANSLATE WORDS,SOUNDS, IMAGES AND ACTIONS THAT PEOPLE UNDERSTAND INTO A FORM THAT THE SYSTEM UNIT CAN PROCESS.


TYPE OF INPUT DEVICES

KEYBOARD ENTRY - ONE OF THE MOST COMMON WAY TO INPUT DATA. KEYBOARD CONVERT NUMBERS,LETTERS, AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS THAT PEOPLE UNDERSTAND INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.
THERE ARE A WIDE VARIETY OF DIFFERENT KEYBOARD DESIGN

1. TRADITIONAL KEYBOARDS

 

2. ERGONOMIC KEYBOARDS

3. WIRELESS KEYBOARDS

4. PDA KEYBOARDS

5.VIRTUAL KEYBOARD

 

POINTING DEVICES - POINTING DEVICES PROVIDE AN INTUITIVE INTERFACE WITH THE SYSTEM UNIT BY ACCEPTING POINTING GESTURES AND CONVERTING THEM INTO MACHINE-READABLE INPUT.

THERE ARE WIDE  VARIETY OF DIFFERENT POINTING DEVICES,INCLUDING THE MOUSE, JOYSTICK, TOUCH SCREENS AND STYLUS

1. MICE - A MOUSE CONTROLS A POINTER THAT IS DISPLAYED ON THE MONITOR 

1. OPTICAL MOUSE

2. MECHANICAL MOUSE -  HAS A BALL ON THE BOTTOM AND IS ATTACHED WITH A CORD TO THE SYSTEM UNIT.

3. CORDLESS OR WIRELESS MOUSE

2. TOUCH SCREEN

3. JOY STICK

4. STYLUS

3. SCANNING DEVICES 

 

SCANNING  DEVICES CONVERT SCANNED TEXT AND IMAGES INTO A FORM THAT THE SYSTEM UNIT CAN PROCESS.

THERE ARE 4 TYPE OF SCANNING DEVICES :

1. OPTICAL SCANNERS                                                  
2. CARD READERS
3. BAR CODE READERS
4.CHARACTER AND MARK RECO 
 4. IMAGE CAPTURING DEVICES

- CREATE OR CAPTURE ORIGINAL IMAGES. THESE DEVICES INCLUDE DIGITAL CAMERAS AND DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERAS.

5. AUDIO-INPUT DEVICES - CONVERT SOUNDS INTO A FORM THAT CAN  BE PROCESSED BY THE SYSTEM UNIT.

WHAT IS OUTPUT?
 OUTPUT IS A PROCESSED DATA OR INFORMATION. TYPICALLY TAKES THE FORM OF TEXT,GRAPHICS, PHOTO, AUDIO AND / OR VIDEO.

OUTPUT DEVICES ARE ANY HARDWARE USED TO PROVIDE OR TO CREATE OUTPUT

 THERE ARE WIDE RANGE OF OUTPUT DEVICES :
1. MONITOR - ALSO KNOWN AS DISPLAY SCREENS, MONITORS PRESENT VISUAL IMAGES OF TEXT AND GRAPHICS.

2. PRINTER - TRANSLATE INFORMATION THAT HAS BEEN PROCESSED BY THE SYSTEM UNIT AND PRESENT THE INFORMATION ON PAPER

3.AUDIO-OUTPUT DEVICES - TRANSLATE AUDIO INFORMATION FROM THE COMPUTER INTO SOUNDS THAT PEOPLE CAN UNDERSTAND. THE MOST WIDELY USED AUDIO-OUPUT DEVICES ARE SPEAKERS AND HEADSETS.





4.COMBINATION INPUT AND OUTPUT- MANY DEVICES COMBINE INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPABILITIES. COMMON COMBINATION DEVICES INCLUDE:

• FAX MACHINES  
• MULTIFUNTIONAL DEVICES (MFD) - TYPICALLY COMBINE THE CAPABILITIES OF A SCANNER,PRINTER,FAX AND COPY MACHINE. THESE MULTIFUNCTIONAL  DEVICES OFEER A COST AND SPACE ADVANTAGE
• INTERNET TELEPHONES

MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVICES (MFD)

CHAPTER 8: SECONDARY STORAGE `

There are 2 type of storage:

PRIMARY STORAGE :

• Volatile storage
• Temporary storage
• Random Access Memory (RAM) 

  SECONDARY STORAGE : 

• Nonvolatile storage
• Permanent storage

Secondary storage devices are use to save, to back up and  even to transport files consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another. Secondary storage provide permanent or nonvolatile storage.







Secondary storage retain data and information after the computer system is turned off. Not like RAM, most RAM is volatile, meaning that it loses its contents whenever power is disrupted.












Characteristics of secondary storage include :
MEDIA                        - actual physical material that holds the data and programs
CAPASITY                   - measures how much a particular storage medium can hold.
STORAGE DEVICES - hardware read data and programs from storage media.
ACCESS SPEED         - measures the amount of time required to retrieve data and programs.

 Type of secondary storage

1. HARD DISK

 

• Internal Hard Disk

• 

 

 

 

 

 

• External Hard Disk

1. 2.  OPTICAL DISCS
   
     Today's optical discs can hold over 100 gigabytes of data. There are 3 type of optical discs :
   
   • Compact Disc (CD)
   
   
   
   • Digital Versatil Disc (DVD)
   Digital Versatile Disc or digital video disc is a new format that has replaced CDs as the standard optical disc. DVDs very similar to CDs  except that more data can be packed into the same amount of space.
   
   
   
   
   
   • Blu-Ray (Hi-Definition) Disc
   
     3.  SOLID-STATE STORAGE
   
   
   • Solid-state drives (SSDs)
   • Flash memory cards
   • USB Drives
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   4. CLOUD STORAGE
   Cloud computing is where the internet acts as a 'cloud' of servers. Cloud storage services make it easy to upload and share files with anyone
   
   
   
   
   5. MASS STORAGE DEVICE
   
   Mass storage refers to the tremendous amount of secondary storage req uired by large organizations. Mass storage devices are specialized high-capacity secondary storage devices designed to meet organizational demands for data.
   
   Most large organisations have established a strategy called an enterprise storage system. Enterprise storage systems ensure data security using specialized strategies and devices, such as 
• File servers
• Networked attached storage (NAS)
• RAID systems
• Tape libraries
• Organizational cloud storage
• Storage Area Network (SAN)